ENVIROMENT PT 365 ENGLISH

ENVIRONMENT
Table of Contents
1. CLIMATE CHANGE __________________ 5
1.1. Global Scenario_____________________ 5
1.1.1. IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report: Part III __5
1.1.2. Methane Emission ___________________6
1.1.3. Ocean Acidification and Arctic Ice _______7
1.2. International Conferences, Conventions
and Initiatives _________________________ 8
1.2.1. 27th Conference of the Parties (COP 27) _8
1.2.1.1. India’s Long-Term Low Emission
Development Strategy (LT-LEDS)__________10
1.2.2. 50 years of Stockholm Conference _____11
1.2.3. Montreal Protocol __________________13
1.2.4. UN Ocean Conference (UNOC) ________14
1.2.5. Innovation Roadmap of the Mission
Integrated Biorefineries (IRMIB) ____________14
1.2.6. Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) _15
1.2.7. Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
(CBAM) ________________________________16
1.2.8. International Solar Alliance (ISA) _______16
1.2.9. Global Environment Facility (GEF) Council17
1.2.10. Other Initiatives in News ____________19
1.3. Climate Mitigation and Adaptation____20
1.3.1. India’s Updated NDCs _______________20
1.3.2. Adaptation Gap Report 2022__________21
1.3.3. Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage
(CCUS)_________________________________22
1.3.4. Uniform Carbon Trading Market _______23
1.4. Other Climate Related News and Concepts
____________________________________24
1.5. Reports and Indices ________________25
2. POLLUTION ______________________ 29
2.1. Air Pollution ______________________29
2.1.1. New Targets for National Clean Air
Programme (NCAP) ______________________29
2.1.2. Norms for Thermal Power Plants (TPPs) _29
2.1.3. Commission for Air Quality Management
(CAQM)________________________________30
2.1.4. WHO’s Air Quality Database __________31
2.1.5. Other Initiatives to Tackle Air Pollution__31
2.2. Water Pollution and Conservation ____32
2.2.1. United Nations (UN) Water Summit on
Groundwater (GW) 2022 __________________32
2.2.2. Water Convention __________________33
2.2.3. Unconventional Water Resources ______33
2.2.4. Heavy Metal Contamination __________34
2.2.5. Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
______________________________________35
2.2.5.1. Other Water pollutants in news ____35
2.2.6. Arth Ganga ________________________36
2.2.7. Other Initiatives for Water Conservation 37
2.3. Land Degradation _________________ 38
2.3.1. COP15 of United Nations Convention
to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) _________38
2.4. Light Pollution ____________________ 39
2.5. Waste Management _______________ 39
2.5.1. Ban on Single Use Plastic _____________39
2.5.2. E-waste (Management) Rules 2022_____40
2.6. International Conventions and Treaties 42
2.6.1. Stockholm Convention_______________42
2.6.2. Rotterdam Convention ______________42
2.7. Reports and Indices ________________ 43
3. BIODIVERSITY ____________________ 45
3.1. International Treaties and Conventions 45
3.1.1. COP15 to the United Nations Convention on
Biological Diversity (CBD)__________________45
3.1.1.1. World Restoration Flagships_______47
3.1.1.2. Restoration Barometer Report 2022 48
3.1.1.3. Updated Red List of Threatened
Species ______________________________49
3.1.2. International Treaty on Plant Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) _50
3.1.3. Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction
(BBNJ) _________________________________51
3.1.4. CITES (Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) _52
3.2. Wildlife and Conservation___________ 53
3.2.1. The Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act,
2022 __________________________________53
3.2.2. Cheetah Reintroduction______________54
3.2.3. Project Tiger _______________________56
3.2.4. Great Indian Bustards _______________58
3.2.5. India’s 33rd Elephant Reserve _________58
3.2.6. Invasive Species ____________________59
3.2.6.1. Other Invasive Species in News ____60
3.2.7. Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZ)_____________60
3.2.8. Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHSS) ______62
3.2.9. Protected Areas in News _____________64
3.2.10. Species in News ___________________68
3.3. Forests __________________________ 77
3.3.1. Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2022______77
3.3.2. Community forest rights (CFR)_________78
3.3.3. Other Forest Related News ___________78
3.4. Wetlands, Coastlands and Oceans ____ 79
3.4.1. New Ramsar Sites___________________79
3.4.2. Other Ramsar Sites in News___________81
3.4.3. Island Protection Zone _______________82
3.4.4. Blue Flag Beaches___________________82
3.4.5. Great Barrier Reef (GBR) _____________83
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3.5. Other Biodiversity Related Initiatives __84
3.6. Reports and Indices ________________85
4. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT________ 88
4.1. Sustainable Development Report 2022_88
4.2. Sustainable Cities Integrated Approach
Pilot (SCIAP) Project ___________________89
4.2.1. Other Sustainable Habitat Initiatives ___89
4.3. India’s First Sovereign Green Bonds (SGB)
Framework___________________________90
4.4. Green Permits_____________________90
4.5. Cloud Forest Assests________________92
4.6. Alternative Fuels and Energy Resources 94
4.6.1. Ocean Thermal Energy_______________94
4.6.2. Coal Gasification ___________________95
4.6.3. National Policy on Biofuels-2018_______96
4.6.4. National Bioenergy Programme _______97
4.6.5. Pradhan Mantri Urja Suraksha evam
Utthaan Mahabhiyaan (PM KUSUM) Scheme __98
4.6.5.1. Other Solar Energy Related news ___98
4.6.6. Electricity (Promoting Renewable Energy
Through Green Energy Open Access) Rules, 2022
______________________________________99
4.6.7. Other Alternative Energy sources ______99
4.7. Energy Efficiency__________________101
4.7.1. Energy Conservation (Amendment) Act,
2022 _________________________________101
4.7.2. State Energy & Climate Index ________102
4.7.3. Other Energy efficiency initiatives_____103
4.8. Sustainable Agriculture ____________103
4.8.1. National Mission on Natural Farming __103
4.8.2. International Year of Millets (IYM) 2023 104
4.8.3. Direct-seeded Rice (DSR) ____________105
4.9. Miscellaneous ____________________106
4.9.1. Right to Repair ____________________106
4.9.2. Scope Of Authority Under Dam Safety Act
2021 _________________________________106
4.9.2.1. Hydroelectric Projects in News____107
4.9.3. Deep Sea Mining __________________108
4.9.4. River Projects _____________________108
4.10. Reports and Indices ______________ 109
5. GEOGRAPHY ____________________ 112
5.1. Sea Floor Spreading _______________ 112
5.2. La Ninã Conditions Enter 3rd Year, 6th
Time Since 1950 _____________________ 112
5.3. Karakoram Anomaly ______________ 113
6. DISASTER MANAGEMENT __________ 114
6.1. Joshimath Land Subsidence ________ 114
6.2. Cyclone Asani ____________________ 114
6.3. Coalition for Disaster Resilient
Infrastructure (CDRI)__________________ 115
6.4. Global Platform for Disaster Risk
Reduction 2022 (GP2022)______________ 116
6.5. Other Disaster Related News _______ 117
6.6. Reports and Indices _______________ 117
6.7. Mawmluh Cave __________________ 118
6.8. Other Important News ____________ 118
6.9. Places in News ___________________ 120
6.9.1. Places in News: India _______________120
6.9.2. Places in News: International ________122
6.9.2.1. Geographical Features __________122
6.9.2.2. Countries in News ______________123
7. APPENDIX ______________________ 124
7.1. Initiatives Launched During COP27___ 124
7.2. Declared Biodiversity Heritage Sites in
India_______________________________ 129
7.3. List of New Ramsar Sites ___________ 130