SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PT 365 ENGLISH

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Table of Contents
1. BIOTECHNOLOGY………………………………4
1.1. Genetic Modification (GM) technology …4
1.2. Genome Editing ……………………………….4
1.2.1. Genetically Modified (GM) Crops………….. 4
1.2.2. Site-Directed Nuclease (SDN) technology . 6
1.2.3. CRISPR-Cas 9 ……………………………………… 7
1.2.4. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cell
therapy………………………………………………………. 8
1.3. Genome Sequencing …………………………9
1.4. Genomic Surveillance………………………10
1.5. Cloning …………………………………………11
1.6. Indian Biological Data Center ……………11
1.7. Other Important News…………………….12
2. IT AND COMPUTER …………………………. 13
2.1. National Geospatial Policy ……………….13
2.2. Draft National Data Governance
Framework Policy…………………………………14
2.3. Fifth Generation (5G) ………………………16
2.3.1. 5G Spectrum Auction ………………………… 17
2.3.2. 5G Open Radio Access Network (RAN) … 17
2.4. Satellite Communication ………………….18
2.4.1. Other Communication networks…………. 19
2.5. Virtual Private Network (VPN)…………..19
2.6. DarkNet………………………………………..21
2.7. Artificial Intelligence ……………………….22
2.7.1. Generative Artificial Intelligence…………. 22
2.7.2. Global Partnership on AI (GPAI)………….. 23
2.8. 4 D printing……………………………………23
2.9. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)……….23
2.10. Proof-of-Stake Technology ……………..25
2.11. Facial Recognition System (FRS)……….26
2.12. Extended Reality…………………………..26
2.13. Radio frequency Identification (RFID) .27
2.14. IndiaStack……………………………………27
2.15. Other Important News…………………..27
2.15.1. Initiatives/Guidelines/Programs/Forums
……………………………………………………………….. 27
2.15.2. Technologies/Concepts……………………. 29
2.15.3. Cybersecurity …………………………………. 29
2.15.4. Others …………………………………………… 30
3. SPACE TECHNOLOGY……………………….. 31
3.1. Mars Orbiter Mission ………………………31
3.2. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) ….32
3.3. NavIC (Navigation with Indian
Constellation)………………………………………33
3.4. Artemis I……………………………………….34
3.5. James Webb Space Telescope …………..35
3.5.1 Observations made by JWST……………….. 36
3.6. Private Sector in Space Programme of
India …………………………………………………. 37
3.7. Space Sustainability……………………….. 38
3.8. Space Tourism ………………………………. 39
3.9. Black Holes…………………………………… 40
3.10. Dark Matter………………………………… 42
3.11. Earth Records Shortest Day……………. 43
3.12. Space Organisations Related
Developments…………………………………….. 43
3.12.1. NASA……………………………………………… 43
3.12.2. Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) ……………………………………. 44
3.13. Other Important News………………….. 45
3.13.1. Space Phenomenon and Experiments… 45
3.13.2. Space Objects…………………………………. 47
3.13.3. Miscellaneous…………………………………. 47
4. HEALTH …………………………………………49
4.1. Traditional Medicine………………………. 49
4.2. Tuberculosis…………………………………. 50
4.3. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)……….. 51
4.4. Self-amplifying Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Vaccine……………………………………………… 52
4.5. One Health…………………………………… 53
4.6. First-Ever Fungal Priority Pathogens List
(FPPL) ……………………………………………….. 53
4.7. Food Safety ………………………………….. 54
4.8. Rice Fortification …………………………… 55
4.9. Oral Rehydration Solution……………….. 56
4.10. Diseases in News …………………………. 57
4.10.1. Viral Diseases………………………………….. 57
4.10.2. Other Diseases………………………………… 59
4.11. Other Important News………………….. 59
5. DEFENCE………………………………………..61
5.1. Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR)
Technology ………………………………………… 61
5.2. Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)…………….. 62
5.3. GSAT 7 series satellites …………………… 62
5.4. BRAHMos…………………………………….. 62
5.4.1. Other Missiles in News………………………. 64
5.5. Submarines ………………………………….. 65
5.6. Other Important News……………………. 65
5.6.1. Submarines, Ships and Aircraft Carriers.. 65
5.6.2. Aircrafts, Drones and Helicopters ……….. 66
5.6.3. Miscellaneous…………………………………… 67
6. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ……………………..69
6.1. Nuclear Fusion………………………………. 69
6.2. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) ……….. 70
6.3. Hyperloop System …………………………. 71
6.4. Lithium-Ion Battery………………………… 72
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6.5. Flex Fuel ……………………………………….73
6.6. Fuel Cell………………………………………..74
6.7. Other Important News…………………….75
7. AWARDS AND PRIZES ……………………… 76
7.1. Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022…………..76
7.2. Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 ………………76
7.3. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
2022…………………………………………………..77
8. MISCELLANEOUS ……………………………. 79
8.1. European Organization for Nuclear
Research (CERN)………………………………….. 79
8.2. Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose (J.C. Bose)
………………………………………………………… 80
8.3. The “Mystery” Particle Finding…………. 81
8.4. Other Important News……………………. 81
8.4.1. Research and Development ……………….. 81
8.4.2. Miscellaneous…………………………………… 82